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EDITORIAL GUIDELINES & PRIVACY POLICY | COMPLAINTS HANDLING POLICY

Images courtesy of Ken Ferguson and Brett’s Drone Photography.

© Cooloola Bay Bulletin 2025.
Website created by JK Design.

Outlined below are the Australian Press Council’s Advisory Guidelines and Privacy Policy in which the Cooloola Bay Bulletin, as a member of the Queensland Press Association adhere to.

The General Principles

Publications are free to publish as they wish by reporting facts and expressing opinions, provided they take reasonable steps to comply with the following Principles and the Council’s other Standards of Practice.

Accuracy and clarity

1. Ensure that factual material in news reports and elsewhere is accurate and not misleading, and is distinguishable from other material such as opinion.

2. Provide a correction or other adequate remedial action if published material is significantly inaccurate or misleading.

Fairness and balance

3. Ensure that factual material is presented with reasonable fairness and balance, and that writers’ expressions of opinion are not based on significantly inaccurate factual material or omission of key facts.

4. Ensure that where material refers adversely to a person, a fair opportunity is given for subsequent publication of a reply if that is reasonably necessary to address a possible breach of General Principle 3.

Privacy and avoidance of harm

5. Avoid intruding on a person’s reasonable expectations of privacy, unless doing so is sufficiently in the public interest.

6. Avoid causing or contributing materially to substantial offence, distress or prejudice, or a substantial risk to health or safety, unless doing so is sufficiently in the public interest.

Integrity and transparency

7. Avoid publishing material which has been gathered by deceptive or unfair means, unless doing so is sufficiently in the public interest.>/li>

8. Ensure that conflicts of interests are avoided or adequately disclosed, and that they do not influence published material.

Explanatory Notes “Person” includes a group or category of people (provided it is reasonably specific and limited in number) and a corporation or other legal entity. “Sufficiently in the public interest”: The necessary level of justification in the public interest is proportionate to the gravity of the potential breach of the Principles. Relevant factors to consider may include, for example, the importance in the public interest of: (a) ensuring everyone has genuine freedom of expression and access to reliable information; (b) protecting and enhancing independent and vigorous media; public safety and health; due administration of justice and government, personal privacy, and national security; (c) exposing or preventing crime, dishonesty and serious misconduct or incompetence (especially by public figures).

Statement of Privacy Principles

Privacy Principle 1: Collection of personal information
In gathering news, journalists should seek personal information only in the public interest. In doing so, journalists should not unduly intrude on the privacy of individuals and should show respect for the dignity and sensitivity of people encountered in the course of gathering news. In accordance with Principle 5 of the Council’s Statement of Principles, news obtained by unfair or dishonest means should not be published unless there is an overriding public interest. Generally, journalists should identify themselves as such. However, journalists and photographers may at times need to operate surreptitiously to expose crime, significantly antisocial conduct, public deception or some other matter in the public interest. Public figures necessarily sacrifice their right to privacy, where public scrutiny is in the public interest. However, public figures do not forfeit their right to privacy altogether. Intrusion into their right to privacy must be related to their public duties or activities.

Privacy Principle 2: Use and disclosure of personal information
Personal information gathered by journalists and photographers should only be used for the purpose for which it was intended. A person who supplies personal information should have a reasonable expectation that it will be used for the purpose for which it was collected. Some personal information, such as addresses or other identifying details, may enable others to intrude on the privacy and safety of individuals who are the subject of news coverage, and their families. To the extent lawful and practicable, a media organisation should only disclose sufficient personal information to identify the persons being reported in the news, so that these risks can be reasonably avoided.

Privacy Principle 3: Quality of personal information
A media organisation should take reasonable steps to ensure that the personal information it collects is accurate, complete and up-to-date.

Privacy Principle 4: Security of personal information
A media organisation should take reasonable steps to ensure that the personal information it holds is protected from misuse, loss, or unauthorised access.

Privacy Principle 5: Anonymity of sources
All persons who provide information to media organisations are entitled to seek anonymity. The identity of confidential sources should not be revealed, and where it is lawful and practicable, a media organisation should ensure that any personal information which it maintains derived from such sources does not identify the source.

Privacy Principle 6: Correction, fairness and balance
In accordance with Principle 3 of the Council’s Statement of Principles, where individuals are a major focus of news reports or commentary, the publication should ensure fairness and balance in the original article. Failing that, the media organisation should provide a reasonable and swift opportunity for a balancing response in the appropriate section of the publication. Statement of Privacy Principles A media organisation should make amends for publishing any personal information that is found to be harmfully inaccurate, in accordance with Principle 2 of the Council’s Statement of Principles. The media organisation should also take steps to correct any of its records containing that personal information, so as to avoid a harmful inaccuracy being repeated.

Privacy Principle 7: Sensitive personal information
In accordance with Principle 8 of the Council’s Statement of Principles, media organisations should not place any gratuitous emphasis on the categories of sensitive personal information listed in Principle 8, except where it is relevant and in the public interest to report and express opinions in these areas. Members of the public caught up in newsworthy events should not be exploited. A victim or bereaved person has the right to refuse or terminate an interview or photographic session at any time. Unless otherwise restricted by law or court order, open court hearings are matters of public record and can be reported by the press. Such reports need to be fair and balanced. They should not identify relatives or friends of people accused or convicted of crime unless the reference to them is necessary for the full, fair and accurate reporting of the crime or subsequent legal proceedings.

Specific Standards on Coverage of Suicide

General reporting and discussion [*means see Explanatory Notes below]

1. General reporting and comment on issues relating to suicide* can be of substantial public benefit. For example, it may help to improve public understanding of causes and warning signs, have a deterrent effect on people contemplating suicide, bring comfort to affected relatives or friends, or promote further public or private action to prevent suicide.

2. Subject to careful compliance with the following Standards, the Council does not wish to discourage material of this nature. Extra caution is required when the material is likely to be read or seen by people who may be especially vulnerable (e.g., because of their age or mental health) and relates to suicides by their peers or by celebrities.

Reporting individual instances

3. In deciding whether to report an individual instance of suicide, consideration should be given to whether at least one of the following criteria is satisfied:
(a) clear and informed consent* has been provided by appropriate relatives or close friends*; or
(b) reporting the death as suicide is clearly in the public interest*.

4. In deciding whether also to report the identity of the person who has died by suicide, account should be taken of whether at least one of the following criteria is satisfied:
(a) clear and informed consent has been provided by appropriate relatives or close friends; or
(b) identification is clearly in the public interest.

Reporting methods and locations

5. The method and location of a suicide should not be described in detail (e.g., a particular drug or cliff) unless the public interest in doing so clearly outweighs the risk, if any, of causing further suicides. This applies especially to methods or locations which may not be well known by people contemplating suicide.

Responsibility and balance

6. Reports should not sensationalise, glamorise or trivialise suicides. They should not inappropriately stigmatise suicides or people involved in them. But this does not preclude responsible description or discussion of the impacts, even if they are severely adverse, on people, organisations or communities. Where appropriate, underlying causes such as mental illness should be mentioned.

Sensitivity and moderation

7. Reports of suicide should not be given undue prominence, especially by unnecessarily explicit headlines or images. Great care should be taken to avoid causing unnecessary harm or hurt to people who have attempted suicide or to relatives and other people who have been affected by a suicide or attempted suicide. This requires special sensitivity and moderation in both gathering and reporting news*. Sources of assistance 8. Published material relating to suicide should be accompanied by information about appropriate 24-hour crisis support services or other sources of assistance with these problems*. The degree of specificity may vary according to the nature of the report and the surrounding circumstances.

Explanatory Notes 1. References above to suicide apply also to attempted suicide. References to reports include all types of report (including of court proceedings or inquests) and headlines, text, images and sounds. 2. A matter is in the public interest if it is of substantial and widespread significance, not merely something in which many people may be interested. It may often be helpful for the assessment to be made at editorial level after seeking advice from an appropriate mental health expert. It may also be necessary to consult police, school principals, public health authorities or other people with special knowledge of the likely impacts of publication in the particular case. 3. A person can give informed consent to a report if they are reasonably aware of the circumstances to which it relates and the likely consequences for them of it being published. This may be difficult or impossible to obtain in the immediate aftermath of a suicide. 4. Often it will be important to request and conduct interviews with closely affected people by going through an intermediary such as a relative, professional counsellor or support organisation. 5. It may be preferable to use words such as “died by suicide” or “took his life” rather than a term such as “committed suicide” which can imply commission of a crime. 6. Mindframe publishes a range of resources for media professionals on the reporting of suicide. The SANE Media Centre provides media with guidance about reporting mental illness and suicide. When deciding what sources of assistance should be mentioned in a report, advice could also be sought directly from organisations providing services to people with problems relating to suicide or mental illness, such as Suicide Call Back Service, SANE Australia, Lifeline, or beyondblue. Services providing assistance to young people include Kids Helpline, ReachOut.com, and headspace.

Specific Standards on Contacting Patients

Patients Informed consent from the patient [*means see Explanatory notes below]

1. Before making any contact* with a patient* in hospital*, journalists* should obtain the patient’s informed consent unless
(a) the activity is an initial communication from outside the hospital for the purpose of seeking informed consent*; or
(b) an authorised person* confirms to them that informed consent has been given by the patient; or
(c) an authorised person has approved the contact on condition that no patient will be identifiable in any published material.

2. Journalists are responsible for establishing any claim by them that it was reasonable to believe informed consent has been given by the patient. This may often be difficult to achieve unless medical or other expert advice has been sought on the matter and been recorded.

Permission to visit the patient

3. Before visiting a patient in a part of the hospital in which patient care occurs, journalists should identify themselves and their publication to an authorised person and obtain permission for the proposed visit. However, making contact without permission is acceptable if doing so is clearly necessary as a matter of substantial public importance and has been approved at senior editorial level for recorded reasons.

4. Journalists are responsible for establishing any claim by them that
(a) they obtained permission from a person whom it was reasonable to believe was an authorised person; and
(b) they made adequate disclosure to that person of the nature and purpose of the proposed contact.

5. Where the hospital has given permission to visit the patient, it is reasonable for the journalist to assume the patient is in a medical condition which enables informed consent to be given. When visiting the patient, however, it will still be necessary for the journalist to explain the nature of what is being sought from the patient and obtain informed consent.

Ceasing contact with the patient

6. Journalists should immediately cease the contact if they are
(a) asked to do so by the patient, or by an authorised person on reasonable grounds; or
(b) it becomes reasonably clear that the patient is not adequately aware of what the contact involves and its likely consequences.

Explanatory Notes “Authorised person” means a person authorised by a hospital to make decisions about journalists making contact with patients. Unless clearly indicated otherwise by the hospital, the person must be a senior administrator or a senior health professional. “Contact” includes speaking, listening, looking or touching and communicating in any other way with a patient. “Hospitals” includes hospitals, day surgeries and residential facilities providing care for people who are aged, have disabilities or are especially vulnerable for some other reason. “Informed consent” exists where a patient agrees to a request for contact while having a reasonable understanding of the proposed contact, including the issues to be raised, and any consequences for the patient which are reasonably foreseeable. It must be given clearly and without pressure and it must relate to the contact and occasion in question unless there is good reason to believe that an earlier consent continues to apply. Informed consent cannot be given by another person unless he or she is legally authorised to act on the person’s behalf. However, it may be reasonable to take into account a statement by a close relative, friend or representative that the patient has provided informed consent, or that the patient is in a fit state to provide informed consent. Where the patient is not able to provide informed consent and no one is legally authorised to act on his or her behalf, informed consent for the taking of photographs (but not other forms of contact) may be obtained from a close relative or, where applicable, by police. “Journalists” includes journalists, photographers and other people involved in gathering information, opinion or images for possible inclusion in publications that are subject to the Council’s jurisdiction. “Patients” includes patients and residents, and any person legally authorised.

Australian Press Council
https://www.presscouncil.org.au/
(02) 9261 1930 or 1800 025 712
Australian Press Council
PO Box 114, North Sydney NSW 2059

The Complaints System: An Overview

Introduction
This Information Sheet provides an overview of the Council’s system for receiving, handling and adjudicating upon complaints. Other Information Sheets give more details about particular aspects of the system. They are available from the Complaints section of the Council’s website or by contacting the Council office.

Complaints are assessed by applying the Council’s Standards of Practice, which are available in the Standards section of the website. Possible outcomes include:

• a remedy such as a correction or apology which the publication agrees to provide;
• a Letter of Advice by the Council’s Executive Director to the publication;
• a decision by the Council’s Adjudication Panel which must be published by the publication and indicates whether the Standards have been breached.

Making a complaint
Any person or organisation can make a complaint to the Council without a fee. They must do so by submitting the complaints form which is available on the website or from the Council office. In special circumstances the initial contact can be made by telephone or email. Complaints can be made to the Council about material published in print or digital form by the publisher members of the Council or about the methods used by them to obtain information. Almost all Australian newspapers are published by these members, as well as most magazines and most of the leading news websites. In some circumstances, the Council may consider a complaint about a publisher which is not a member. Complaints may relate to news reports, articles, editorials, letters, cartoons, images and other material. The Council does not consider complaints about advertising, except where the complaint is that the material is not clearly identifiable as advertising. Complaints must usually be made within thirty days of the first publication of the relevant material. A longer period may be allowed under certain circumstances. It is not necessary to have complained first to the publication in question. Complainants must tell the Council if they have commenced legal proceedings in relation to the material about which they are complaining, or if there is a reasonable possibility that they may do so. The publisher may then request, but not require, that the Council does not take any further action in response to the complaint unless the complainant meets certain conditions. For further details, see the fact sheet “Legal Proceedings”

The Council’s response
After receiving a complaint, Council staff seek any further details which are needed for initial assessment. The Executive Director then decides whether the complaint meets certain basic requirements (for example, whether it was made within the time limit). He or she will decide whether the complaint should proceed to informal consideration (“Level 1”) or be discontinued because, for example,

• it is highly unlikely that a breach of the Council’s Standards of Practice has occurred; or
• the possible breach is not sufficiently serious to justify further consideration. In some cases, the Executive Director may ask the complainant to raise the matter directly with the publication in question. If the complainant does so but is not satisfied with the outcome, they may request further consideration by the Council. When a complaint is made through a lawyer, the complainant will usually be asked to deal directly with the Council in future. If the complainant is not identified or directly affected by the published material, the complaint will be processed in the same way as other complaints except that the complainant is not usually involved in the processes of negotiation and adjudication. For further details, see the fact sheet “Secondary Complaints”

Informal consideration of complaints (“Level 1”)
Most complaints are finalised at this level, either by an agreed outcome being negotiated or the matter being discontinued. The Council’s staff begin by considering and, if necessary, investigating the issues before deciding whether to seek a response from the publication. There may be further communication with the complainant and the publication to clarify the issues and explore the possibility of an outcome which each of them is willing to accept. Possible outcomes from discussions with publications include:

• an informal expression of regret by the publication;
• publication of balancing material;
• publication of a correction, clarification or apology in an agreed form;
• amendment or removal of material on a website;
• commitments about future coverage of particular people or issues. The Executive Director then decides whether the matter should be referred to the Council’s Adjudication Panel. It will not be referred if, for example,
• the complainant has withdrawn the complaint or has not responded to communication from the Council within a reasonable period of time; or
• it is highly unlikely that a breach of the Standards of Practice has occurred; or
• the breach is not sufficiently serious to justify referral. If a complaint is not referred for adjudication, the Executive Director may nevertheless send a formal Letter of Advice to the publication. The letter may advise the publication, for example, that if similar material is published in future it is likely to be referred to the Panel.

Adjudication of complaints (“Level 2”)
If a complaint has been referred for adjudication, the Executive Director prepares a Summary of Issues to be considered by the Adjudication Panel. Both the complainant and the publication can suggest amendments and ask for other material to be sent to the Panel with the Summary. They will see any material which is sent to the Panel, unless exceptional circumstances apply. The Panel is chaired by the Council’s Chair or a Vice-Chair and usually has four to six other members. The majority of the Panel are not affiliated with the media industry. It convenes a discussion with the complainant and the publication, usually by teleconference call. The complainant may be accompanied by a friend or relative for support and the publication’s representative may be accompanied by a relevant journalist. They cannot be represented by lawyers or other professional representatives, unless there are very exceptional circumstances. The Panel decides whether the Standards of Practice have been breached. It can issue a reprimand or censure and can call for, but not require, apologies, retractions, corrections or other remedial action. It may also call for specific measures to prevent a recurrence of the type of breach in question. But it has no power to impose a fine or other financial sanctions. The Panel’s provisional adjudication is sent to the complainant and publication on a confidential basis. Either party may request a revision or review on limited grounds but, in general, no new facts or arguments can be introduced at this stage. When finalised, the adjudication must be published as specified by the Executive Director in relation to aspects such as the date, page number, positioning and headlines. Failure to comply may lead to re-publication being required. Each adjudication is also published on the Council’s website and distributed widely through the electronic APC Update newsletter.

For further details see the fact sheets “Review of Decisions” and “Publication of Adjudications”

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